Conditional Statements

1. if Statement

The if statement executes a block of code only if a specified condition is True. If the condition is False, the block will not execute.

Syntax of the if statement:

if condition:
# Code to execute if condition is true

Example:

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote.")

Output:

You are eligible to vote.

2. if-else Statement

The if-else statement expands on the if statement by adding an alternate block of code if the condition is False.

Syntax of if-else:

if condition:
    # Code if condition is true
else:
    # Code if condition is false

Example:

score = 50
if score >= 60:
    print("Passed")
else:
    print("Failed")

Output:

Failed

3. Nested if-else Statement

A nested if-else is when an if-else block is placed inside another if-else block. This allows you to create more complex conditions.

Example:

number = 15
if number > 10:
    if number < 20:
        print("Number is between 10 and 20")
    else:
        print("Number is 20 or more")
else:
    print("Number is 10 or less")

Output:

Number is between 10 and 20

4. if-elif-else Statement

The if-elif-else ladder provides multiple conditions to check sequentially. Once a condition is found True, the corresponding block is executed, and the rest are bypassed.

Example:

day = "Wednesday"

if day == "Monday":
    print("Start of the work week")
elif day == "Wednesday":
    print("Midweek")
elif day == "Friday":
    print("End of the work week")
else:
    print("It's the weekend!")

Output:

Midweek

5. Ternary Expression (Conditional Expression)

The ternary expression allows you to write a conditional statement in a single line. It’s ideal for simple conditions that can be concisely expressed.

Syntax:

value_if_true if condition else value_if_false

Example:

x, y = 5, 10
result = "x is greater" if x > y else "y is greater or equal"
print(result)

Output:

y is greater or equal